In 1932, Australia declared a "war" against emus (and lost).

World History

A ustralia is known for its unique wildlife, not all of which is friendly. In 1932, the country received a harsh reminder of that when a drought caused some 20,000 emus to move inland in search of water during their breeding season, disrupting farmers' crops in the process. The ostrich-like birds had already had their classification downgraded from "native species" to "vermin" despite being endemic to Australia and appearing on its coat of arms alongside the kangaroo, and this mass migration made them public enemy No. 1. The government sent in World War I veterans to assist the beleaguered farmers, and though they were outfitted with machine guns, they soon found themselves overwhelmed by their flightless foes. Emus are fairly imposing, to be fair — among all bird species, only ostriches and cassowaries are larger.

"The machine-gunners' dreams of point-blank fire into serried masses of Emus were soon dissipated," observed D.L. Serventy, an Australian ornithologist. "The Emu command had evidently ordered guerrilla tactics, and its unwieldy army soon split up into innumerable small units that made use of the military equipment uneconomic. A crestfallen field force therefore withdrew from the combat area after about a month." In other words, the emus emerged victorious in what's now known as the Great Emu War. The birds were simply too much trouble to get rid of, and though they suffered heavy casualties, they still thrive Down Under.

Together with

Where History Meets Science and Storytelling

Nautilus weaves together the threads of history, science, and compelling storytelling to offer you a rich, multidimensional experience. With contributions from leading experts and literary icons such as Cormac McCarthy, every newsletter invites you to explore fresh perspectives and unexpected connections. Join the Nautilus community and uncover history in ways that challenge and inspire.

Subscribe Now

Thank you for supporting our sponsors! They help us keep History Facts free.

By the Numbers

Maximum sprinting speed (in miles per hour) of the emu

Australia's emu population

~725,000

Did you know?

Emus lie awake for a while before falling asleep.

Anyone with a pet knows that cats, dogs, and other animals tend to fall asleep right away (lucky them). Not the emu, which spends up to 20 minutes getting into the right position before finally nodding off. That's according to The Sleep of the Emu author Klaus Immelmann, a zoologist who observed emus and ostriches at the Frankfurt Zoological Garden over the course of 10 consecutive nights. Though they get ready for bed as soon as the sun goes down, and exhibit "preliminary drowsiness" described by Immelmann as "remarkably suggestive of a late-at-night reader in a comfortable armchair," emus often jerk back awake just before falling asleep and rise as many as eight times a night.