Yet The Wealth of Nations explains exactly how tens of millions in the private sector cooperate to meet our needs without any threat of force or coercion. Despite all the benefits, plenty of reasonable, well-educated individuals complain, "It's a shame that our economic system is based on selfishness" and "Business owners put profits ahead of people." In truth, no economic system based on anything other than self-interest has ever created anything like the material prosperity we enjoy today. (And private enterprises that don't value their key employees are likely to lose them to competitors.) There is a good reason business owners put the bottom line first: Without profits and growth, there can be no employer-sponsored health benefits, no 401(k) plan, no paychecks and no job security. Adults who don't grasp this are good candidates for remedial education. The Wealth of Nations is not a justification for amoral greed. Smith devoted most of his career to a single philosophical project, the betterment of life - and his genius was to establish economics as a scientific discipline. He avoided unworkable, utopian solutions and proposed solutions that tap into human imagination and ingenuity, those qualities that best promote happiness, liberty and prosperity. Because he didn't keep a diary, wrote few letters and burned all his unpublished papers, we don't know much about the personal side of Adam Smith. However, he did enjoy society and conversation, calling them "the most powerful remedies for restoring the mind to its tranquility." His best friend was the philosopher and historian David Hume. He also knew Edward Gibbon, Samuel Johnson, Sir Walter Scott, James Watt, Voltaire, Rousseau, Edmund Burke and Benjamin Franklin, among others. As P.J. O'Rourke writes, "It's impossible today to imagine knowing a range of such people. There are no such people." Smith's theories and conclusions are so fundamental to modern economics that we rarely appreciate their brilliance. He wanted us to use our mental and physical capacities to make despots as unnecessary and inconsequential as possible. And since there is never a shortage of rational self-interest, he argued, it provides the sturdiest foundation for the economic security of a country and its citizens. Good investing, Alex |
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